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Union Carbide promised to pay 470 million dollars compensation. Process safety systems had been put in place that would have kept the water from entering into the tank by accident.”Īfter a long procedure in February 1989 eventually a settlement was achieved. Someone purposely put water in the gas storage tank, causing a massive chemical reaction. Its conclusion: the gas leak could only have been caused by deliberate sabotage. The plant was designed, built, and managed by UCIL using Indian consultants and workers.”Ībout the cause of the accident, they claimed that: “ A thorough investigation was conducted by the engineering consulting firm Arthur D.
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The other stockholders included Indian financial institutions and thousands of private investors in India. Union Carbide denied responsibility for the accident on their website, stating that: “ The Bhopal plant was owned and operated by Union Carbide India, Limited (UCIL), an Indian company in which Union Carbide Corporation held just over half the stock.
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This led to a series of protests organized by environmental organizations, such as Greenpeace. However, he did not occur in court and both the Indian and American government did not take adequate measures to make sure this man was tried. The manager of Union Carbide, Warren Anderson, was accused of culpable homicide. This caused the correct treatment and emergency measures to be held off.
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When the gas leak occurred doctors were not informed of the nature of the gas. During lawsuits where victims demanded compensation, documents were revealed which proved that Union Carbide regularly used untested technology in the Bhopal factory. Union Carbide was accused of deliberate evasion of regular safety procedures. The safety procedures were neglected because of budget cuts.įigure 1: overview of events that led to the Bhopal disaster (Bhopal Medical Appeal, 2002) Safety was very low in this factory of Union Carbide, compared to its other locations. The cooling installation of the tanks and the flaring installation that might have flared the gas that was released were out of order (fig. There were no valves to prevent water from entering the storage tanks. Research showed that factory personnel neglected a number of safety procedures. Normally scrubbers would intercept escaping gas, but these were temporarily out of order for repair. Apparently water ended up in MIC storage tanks, causing an exothermal reaction that released an amount of poisonous gas large enough to open the safety valves. The cause of the accident has been researched after the disaster. Particularly the Union Carbide company states a much lower total number of victims.) (Note that the numbers of victims are not absolute, as they are different for every organization that describes the accident in books or on their websites. This event is now known as the worst industrial environmental disaster to ever have occurred. Research conducted by the BBC in 2004 pointed out that this pollution still causes people to fall ill, and ten more die every year. Approximately 100.000 people still suffer from chronic disease consequential to gas exposure, today. These health problems killed around 15.000 more victims in the years that followed. The gas leak killed at least 4.000 local residents instantly and caused health problems such as oedema for at least 50.000 to perhaps 500.000 people. The cloud contained 15 metric tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC), covering an area of more than 30 square miles. Shortly after midnight, a poisonous gas cloud escaped from the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide factory. The Three Mile Island near nuclear disasterĭecemhas become a memorable day for the city of Bhopal in Madya Pradesh county, India. Major oil spills of the 20th and 21st centuryġ0. Chernobyl: Russian nuclear power plant explosionĥ. It does not imply that one specific disaster is worse than another. NEW! Check out our pages on environmental effects of war and recent environmental disasters Note: The division in the top 10 is dependent upon death toll, injuries, (lasting) damage and media exposure of the environmental disasters in question.